Factors Of Teenage Drug Abuse - 1198 Words

Factors Of Teenage Drug Abuse Introduction Teenage drug abuse has been the controversial issue that influences our societies, results in health hazard, academics, peers, family as well as an increase in juvenile delinquency. According to the latest statistics conducted by Health Social Care Information Centre (2013), 17 % of pupils in the UK have tried illicit drugs in 2012, indicates the constant decrease in the prevalence since 2001, but it could be the tip of an iceberg and more school-children must agonise over the drug misuses due to the lack of willpower. It is generally said that quitting drugs is difficult even if they have a strong will as the addiction is chronic. The best protection is therefore to not start in the first†¦show more content†¦Solutions could be come up based on the contexts above. Culture Availability It is clear that there are some common patterns of gateway to drug abuse. Oetting Beauvais (1990) cited Peele(1985) who maintains that social, cultural and psychological factors considerably influence the extent of dependence. The cultural aspects, for example, UK rave music culture seems to have increased the prevalence of recreational drug users in late 80’s. The availability of drugs consequently became widespread among young peers of all social backgrounds (McCRYSTAL et al., 2003), in turn stimulated them to instil the habit of drug use. Furthermore, the research conducted by Oetting Beauvais (1990) shows the majority of young abuser take more different kinds of drugs, more surprisingly, approximately 73% of students who are aged between 14 and 18, believe getting marijuana is quite easy (Miller et al,. 2000), which could conclude from those factors that ease of obtaining drugs from cultural aspects afflict abusers overcoming drug addiction. Family Family plays one of the essential key role in initiation into drugs as children are assumed to have made connection with family before engaging in relationship with friends. It is widely known by many scholars that interpersonal relationships between family are strongly related to adolescent substance use because the quality of this

Leaders in the States Rights Debate - 1727 Words

John Caldwell Calhoun was born the 4th child, and 3rd son, of Patrick and Martha Calhoun on March 18, 1782 in the backwoods of Abbeville, South Carolina. His father got really sick when he was just 17 years old. He was forced to quit school and work on the family farm. Eventually though with help from his brothers, he returned to school. He graduated with a degree from Yale College, Phi Beta Kappa, in 1804. After studying law at the Tapping Reeve Law School in Litchfield, Connecticut, he was admitted to the South Carolina bar in 1807. Calhoun married Floride Bonneau Calhoun, a first cousin once removed in January 1811. They had 16 children in 18 years. Three of the children died at birth. He settled his family in Pendleton, South Carolina,†¦show more content†¦But that did not last very long. He was also a member of the South Carolina state legislature from 1814 to 1818. He served as Speaker of the House in the later year. He was the South Carolina attorney-general from 1818 to 1822. Than in 1823 was elected to the United States Senate. He was a Democrat. His first wife, Frances Henrietta Pinckney, passed away in 1820. After that he married Rebecca Brewton Alston, daughter of William Alston. Her father gave her a lot on lower King Street. Haynes built them a house on that lot. It remained in the family until 1863. Haynes is best remembered for his debate with Daniel Webster, where he set forth a doctrine of nullification. This said that by the power of the State itself, that the federal Tariff of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore null and void within the boundaries of South Carolina. He was completely against the Tariff of 1832 He was a member of the South Carolina Nullification Convention of November 1832, and reported that the nullification passed by that body on the November 24. After resigning from the Senate in 1832, he was Governor of South Carolina from December 1832 to December 1834, and while in that position took a strong stan d against President Andrew Jackson, though he was more conservative than many of the other people against it in his state. He was later president of the Louisville, Cincinnati CharlestonShow MoreRelatedThe Ballot Or The Bullet By Malcolm X1151 Words   |  5 PagesBlack Nationalist, Muslim minister and a human rights activist, was executed by men from the Black Muslim Movement cult that he had recently left for good. An analysis of Malcolm X’s earlier debate with Bayard Rustin (1962) in comparison to his later speech â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† (1964) acknowledges his idol worship of Elijah Muhammad in the Black Muslim Movement and documents his transformation into an enlightened and open-minded Civil Rights Leader before his tragic assassination. 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British Appeasement Essay Research Paper TITLE Why free essay sample

British Appeasement Essay, Research Paper Title: Why did the British authorities follow a policy of calming in the 1930s? After World War I Germany limped back, creaming its lesions that the Treaty of Versailles had so pitilessly rubbed in salt. As one looks back on the events taking up to World War II it has to be asked whether France and England helped to get down World War II by their actions at Versailles. It seems that the retaliation that the Allies took at the Treaty came back to stalk them with the aggression of Hitler in 1936. However, we can non fault Neville Chamberlain for something with which he had no portion. Chamberlain? s actions in the old ages 1936 to 1939 are adequate to assist one appreciate the quandary he found himself in. Chamberlain did non, in the beginning, gain precisely what Hitler was after. Hitler was after retribution for Germany because of the Treaty of Versailles, but Chamberlain did non gain that Hitler was after domination of Europe. When confronted about Germany? s program to assail Czechoslovakia Chamberlain responded, # 8220 ; I think it would be incorrect to presume that the German authorities has any purpose of making such. # 8221 ; The eyes of the universe were on Chamberlain? s every move, criticising, praising, and waiting. With the force per unit area of the universe on his shoulders Chamberlain proceeded carefully non desiring the tensenesss to detonate. Historically, Britain had followed a foreign policy of calming and non acquiring involved with the remainder of Europe. Therefore in the 1920s, Britain appeased Weimar Germany with the purpose of accomplishing justness, and paid the monetary value of cut downing reparations and handling Germany as an equal. In the 1930s Britain appeased Hitler # 8217 ; s Germany with the purpose of security and paying the monetary value of turning a blind oculus to Germany # 8217 ; s aspirations. This essay shall offer analysis on Chamberlain # 8217 ; s personal g rounds to follow calming, the grounds on behalf of Britain and the grounds due to the positions of the British populace. A description of the class of calming will be given, and statements for and against Chamberlain # 8217 ; s usage of calming against Hitler will be given. Thus the inquiry as to # 8220 ; why did the British authorities follow a policy of calming in the 1930s # 8221 ; will be addressed and grounds will be given as to whether or non this policy was effectual in accomplishing its purpose. After World War 1, Britain wanted a purged Germany to take her topographic point among European states one time once more. Many of the British opinion category preferred the Germans to the Gallic. The British treated Hitler as a responsible solon who would maintain his deals. He was in a responsible place and had to be treated like a caput of province. They believed that if Hitler was given plenty environing district and some settlements there was a point at which he would go sensible, and war would be averted. In May 1937, Neville Chamberlain became Prime Minister. He saw Britain # 8217 ; s function as that of the conciliator # 8211 ; the lone hope if war was to be avoided in Europe, as the USA was non willing to be involved and France was no aid. Britain was isolated so there was no strong ally to assist her trade with Hitler. She even tried to do friendly relationship with Mussolini in 1937. Chamberlain distrusted Stalin and Communism. Merely in 1939 did he seek to make an apprehension with Stalin, and many historiographers think that even so it was an insincere effort on both sides. It failed anyway as Stalin made the Nazi-Soviet Pact alternatively in August 1939. Chamberlain had a deep personal horror of war. Many close relations or friends had died in the old universe war, and it is apprehensible that this was one ground that he tried so difficult to debar war. But he was inclined to trust on his ain opinion and made some large mistakes. Besides, Britain was non ready for war. She had spent less on weaponries in the thirtiess due to the Depression. Chamberlain thought that the societal jobs should come foremost. Slowly coming out of the economic depression that followed World War I the British people wanted to avoid war at all costs. The wants of the people were embodied in their leader. Chamberlain was after one thing: to maintain Great Britain out of war. His logical thinking in pacifying Hitler was that of giving a small alternatively of giving much through war. It could be said that Neville Chamberlain was frozen by fright. We can non fault him for being fearful, but many of his actions were non merely fearful but besides finally lifeles sly for many people. In February 1938, Anthony Eden the Foreign Secretary resigned. He did non hold with Chamberlain # 8217 ; s attack, as he wanted to trust on corporate security instead than calming. Lord Halifax became the new Foreign Secretary. He agreed with the policy of calming and a personal attack to Hitler. In September 1938, Chamberlain made three visits to pacify Hitler # 8211 ; in Berchtesgaden, in Godesberg and Munich. However, Calvocoressi and Wint in their book # 8220 ; Total War # 8221 ; argue that this policy was foolish and contributed to longer war when it did come. They say that Britain should hold fought in 1938 over Czechoslovakia. Chamberlain said Britain was non ready and would hold lost. But Calvocoressi and Wint say that Germany was non ready either and Czechoslovakia was the lone state ready and willing to contend in 1938. She had a good armaments industry and immense munitions and a really good equipt ground forces. By allowing Hitler return over Czechoslovakia in Septemb er 1938 and March 1939, they let him hold all the Czech planes, armored combat vehicles, guns etc for his ain usage, and the immense end product of Czech mills to supplement German end product # 8211 ; all without a battle. Calvocoressi and Wint say that this was # 8220 ; black # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; foolish # 8221 ; . It was black in that Britain let down an ally and foolish in that they made conflict worse by proroguing it and so, they about lost it. It was true that France was non ready to assist # 8211 ; but she collapsed in six hebdomads in 1940, and could barely hold done much worse in 1938. Besides it was true that British aircraft production was behind German production and had improved by 1940. But Calvocoressi and Wint argue that if Germany had had to contend Czechoslovakia at the same clip they could non hold bombarded Britain from the air in 1938 in the same manner as they did in the Battle of Britain in 1940. At place, Britain faced public protest over the failure to assist Czechoslovakia in March 1939. Chamberlain justified it by indicating out the disunity between Czechs and Slovaks and the possibility that Czechoslovakia would interrupt up anyway. Then Chamberlain made a expansive diplomatic gestur vitamin E in March 1939 as he gave a warrant to Poland of military protection if Germany attacked. The British-French confederation pledged to aide Poland with all available power â€Å"†¦in the event of any action which clearly threatened Polish independency and which the Polish Government consequently considered it critical to defy with their national forces.† Calvocoressi and Wint point out that this is a reversal of British Foreign Policy. For 20 old ages she had avoided accepting duty for stableness in Eastern Europe, but she was now accepting it. Appeasement was backlashing, as Chamberlain was acquiring in deep over his caput and ended up holding to support Poland, which he had neer been prepared to make. Britain would necessitate the aid of the USSR – Poland’s eastern neighbour – to do the warrant effectual. So, Britain and France negotiated with Stalin throughout the summer of 1939 – four months of complicated diplomatic tactics. Chambe rlain wanted to show Hitler with a solid diplomatic forepart against him. But he truly distrusted the USSR and had non much assurance in her military strength. Stalin played along as he wanted clip and infinite. Finally he opted for the treaty with Germany as the best manner of protecting his ain involvements. So this component of British foreign policy was gone. In fact the failure of the policy of calming to forestall war was black in that it was really a cause of World War II. The British authorities even tried to pacify Hitler economically. In the words of H.N. Brailsford England tried to purchase peace, if possible, without direct loss to oneself. Robert S Hudson, caput of the English Board of Trade gave Hitler a billion-pound loan. Yet, a loan for defense mechanism arms was denied to Poland who was build uping to support itself against Hitler. In an article entitled # 8220 ; England Shows Her Colours # 8221 ; it was stated, # 8220 ; Britain is non merely being cowed by the attackers: she systematically, in action, gives them assistance. # 8221 ; It seems that Chamberlain? s fright caused myopia in that he acted at the minute weighing the long-run effects of his actions. Then on the 1st September 1939 Germany invaded Poland and on the 3rd September Britain and France declared war on Germany. The policy failed to debar war. Calvocoressi and Wint say that Britain helped to convey about the war by non moving sooner. They suggest Britain should hold acted over the Rhineland in 1936. But antagonistic statement could be made that Britain and France would hold helped unify the Germans behind Hitler if they had humiliated him at that phase. It is true that we know the German military personnels had instructions to retreat if France fought # 8211 ; but it is arguable that the struggle would hold been postponed. Britain should hold defended Czechoslovakia in 1938 and 1939. It would hold been a speedy war in 1938. There are statements against this opinion excessively. We know that Hitler neer intended a long war of the type that came. His readyings indicate that he expected a series of short runs instead than entire war. Action in 1938 might hold led to this # 8211 ; a different war instead than no war. German generals were plotting to take Hitler in 1938. If Britain and France had faced up to Hitler, the generals might hold been successful, but there was no manner of turn outing this. We can oppugn the wisdom of Britain # 8217 ; s actions, but there is no manner of stating decidedly that any other class of action would surely hold been better. The League of Nations had failed to keep Hitler # 8211 ; it was powerless against any of its members who truly wanted to interrupt the regulations. Britain was in a slightly similar state of affairs. She made errors but besides bought clip in 1938-1939 which she used to rearm ( the job was that this besides gave Hitler clip ) . Basically, Britain # 8217 ; s leaders were profoundly dying to avoid war and so were loath to believe that any responsible solon would utilize war to acquire his ain manner and carry through his purposes. Britain treated Hitler as a responsible solon and possibly that was the biggest error of all. As we see Chamberlain seeking urgently to remain out of war we besides see a adult male compromising values because of fright. The manners of Chamberlain as compared to Hitler is that of a weak kid confro nting a bully. Hitler refused to endorse down piece Chamberlain took elephantine stairss rearward giving Hitler more clip. Chamberlain? s calming and vacillation allowed Hitler the severely needed clip to better fix himself for war. In a sense Chamberlain prolonged the war and allowed greater devastation that may hold been avoided. The weight of devastation of Europe must weigh to a great extent on the scruples of the members of the British authorities because they know they may hold been able to forestall some of the devastation and devastation caused by the war. In the late thirtiess, France was divided politically and was unwilling to move against Germany without Britain # 8217 ; s assist. The USA was in glorious isolation, Italy was allied with Germany and the USSR was prosecuting her ain purposes. Therefore Britain dominated Europe # 8217 ; s reaction to Hitler and has been accused of prosecuting a class, which led to war. Undoubtedly, Britain # 8217 ; s foreign policy has a portion to play in the eruption of war but there is a far wider scope of issues to be considered every bit good. For case, Hitler # 8217 ; s policies as set out in # 8220 ; Mein Kampf # 8221 ; , which included a desire to undo the Treaty of Versailles, for living space and a Gro # 946 ; Germany, which finally resulted in the invasion of Poland and was every bit every bit critical a factor in the eruption of World War II. Ultimately, calming failed. The beginning of World War II forced the western Alliess to gain the defects of the policy of calming. Though calm ing appeared to be the solution to all jobs, it ensured a peace that would hold been really dearly-won to keep. To a great extent, calming was a class that tended to disregard some difficult political thoughts. The inquiry of the Rhineland business presented differences in diplomatic processs, proving the lastingness of the French-British confederation. The western Allies emerged from the war holding defeated Hitler and his ground forces in 1945, yet someway, the word # 8220 ; winner # 8221 ; seems inappropriate. # 167 ; Calvocoressi A ; Wint Total War # 167 ; Clarke, Peter Hope and Glory # 8211 ; Britain 1900-1990 ( 1996 ) # 167 ; Fuchser, L.W. Neville Chamberlain and Appeasement: A Study in the Politicss of History ( 1982 ) # 167 ; Lentin, A. Guilt at Versailles ; Lloyd George and the Pre-history of Appeasement ( 1994 ) # 167 ; Rock, W.R. British Appeasement in the 1930s ( 1977 )

Overpopulation in India Essay Example

Overpopulation in India Paper Overpopulation in India: Advantages and Disadvantages We are all aware about the various environmental problems that our country faces-Global Warming is one Of them that results from heavy pollution from the industries. Iii)Problem of unemployment There will be a huge problem of unemployment and underemployment with the increase in the population as additional jobs created could not keep pace with the growth rate. Iv)Poverty and Low Standard of Living Low level of per capita income reduces the purchasing power of the people making them poor. They cannot arrange for the proper education of the children resulting in the lower standard of living. V)lunation It has been seen that prices of basic food items rises due to the increase in the population. Advantages of Underproduction I)Greater Availability of Resources In an underdeveloped country, per head availability of natural resources will be higher. Hence farmers will have a greater share in the land or the average holdings will be more. Ii)Low rate of Pollution Arbitration and industrialization will be minimum if the population of the country is small-Hence there will be lower levels of pollution and ecological balance along with biodiversity will be maintained. Iii)Availability of Government funds Government expenditure will reduce considerably and the government will be able to concentrate more on economic development. ISO poor people will have a greater share in the funds and civic amenities. Iv)Higher standard of living An underdeveloped country will be able to utilize its resources effectively with the labor saving technology-Hence per capita income shall be higher which will raise the standard of living. Disadvantages of underproduction I)illuminated Labor Force Insufficient labor forces will utilize the resources in a poor way. Country will also face shortage of labor for its developmental projects. We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation in India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer