Norms and Values Associated With the Sexual Orientation of the People Free Essay Example, 1000 words

This research tells that the norms determined by the theorists and authorities with regard to sexual freedom maintain that since sexuality concentrates upon the taste and preference of the individuals, and defines the innate as well as ascribed and learnt characteristics, no one should be forced to observe alterations in his sexual orientation out of threats or fears of persecutions at the hands of the state or society. The government or political authorities should devise the laws that could provide complete shelter to the individuals in respect of leading the life of their choice provided their activities are not having any interference into the life of other members of society. Sometimes, we as human beings may not enjoy the luxury of dictating our own sexuality, since, from the going, it is majorly shaped by external factors; the environment, our culture, religious beliefs among others. Byne is of the view that several factors interact in aligning an individual to a particular s exual orientation. Sometimes, being a society of laws, constitutions, and of course leaders (political and religious), we charge these higher bodies with providing us with directions and line if action. We will write a custom essay sample on Norms and Values Associated With the Sexual Orientation of the People or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

My Educational Philosophy My Philosophy Of Education

Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education has changed over the years of teaching to what I belief today. My belief of education is to focus on construct knowledge and personal experiences. As an educator, I try and encourage students to discover principles themselves. Numerous scholars have described education as being the key to a prosperous life. The most successful people are believed to be once behind a desk in elementary schools as teachers instill knowledge in them. With a right learning attitude and learning environment, students tend to strive for their education. As an educator, this is my philosophy of education and how it shapes my development in my career concerning the K-12 classroom. The primary purpose of education†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the method of teaching is also essential. As an educator, I would like to adopt practical teaching skills and styles that the scholars would find easy to understand. Apart from this, I would also seek to work hand in hand with the students and create a unique bond between them to enhance competence and performance. Moreover, students also play a significant role in education. For starters/educators, they should demonstrate honesty and integrity in their academics. This is to mean that they should be disciplined and adhere to every school rules. More so, it is their role to respect their teachers and should complete their assignments in time. Also, they should work with each other as well as compete favorably to achieve the institutions’ set goals. Through education, students are in a position to make right and responsible decisions as they would critically think about different matters. I think it is important for students to build upon their education. Personally, I find confidence teaching to be my area of expertise. It is consequent for students to build their confidence as they learn. Similarly, teachers have the responsibility of ensuring their scholars can be able to stand in front of a crowd and confidently speak out their minds (Sadker Ziittleman, 2015). In my teachings, I ensu re that my students can freely face me and ask me questions in areas they find difficult to understand. Also, I encourage debates and presentations on various topics and letShow MoreRelatedMy Educational Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Education1006 Words   |  5 Pagesnation’s future citizens will require that I outline my own ideology about America’s education system. The following philosophy of education will be comprised of the analyzation of knowledge, teaching, and democratic equality in relation to purposes of the education. Knowledge, the comprehension of a subject or concept, is at the core of the educational experience. This attainment of this knowledge should be the desired result of compulsory education, where each individual has a strong understandingRead MoreMy Educational Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Education805 Words   |  4 Pagesthe philosophy they believe in. As a future educator, my goal is to educate the student in ways they have not been taught before. Over time students come across teachers who generally do not care and just do it for the money and time off in the summer. When a student has a teacher who makes a difference in their life, it is very rewarding for both the teacher and student. In class we received a philosophical self-inventory. After grading these statements I have come to the conclusion that my philosophyRead MoreMy Educational Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Education719 Words   |  3 Pagesshaped their philosophies of teaching. In a world filled with beautiful place s to wander to, experiencing new cultures and languages has become a love and passion of mine. Combined with my devotion to the education field and my personal life experiences, a desire to teach in the TESOL career field was one that came quite easily. My mother was once a student who had her own language barriers with needs that were unable to be met in the 1970s. With parents who did not speak English, my mother struggledRead MoreMy Educational Philosophy Of Education Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesMy Education Philosophy There are five basic areas of philosophy regarding education. I am going to discuss the two that are nearest to my own educational philosophy. The aim of Perennialism philosophy of education is to ensure that all students receive an educational understanding about the ideas of Western civilization. They emphasize the rational thinking ability of students. With Perennialism they feel that correct and critical thinking should be the primary objective of all students and teachersRead MoreMy Educational Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Education1023 Words   |  5 Pages My personal philosophy of education was thought of when I was little before I really acknowledged it or knew exactly what it was. My ideas of school has been collecting for years, ever since kindergarten. Ive always thought of school as something that is important. I went to school everyday and did my work and moved on to the next thing I needed to do. I did what I was suppose to, not because I enjoyed it but because I knew I had to. School has always been kinda boring and uninterestingRead MoreThe Educational Philosophy Of Adult Education803 Words   |  4 PagesFoundations of Adult Education, 15/T3, Dr. Jonathan Taylor The focus of this assignment was to view the educational philosophy concerning adult learning. Background histories of the adult’s education ages ago were briefly gleaned. Other topics viewed were on the adult educational philosophy, the five educational philosophical approaches, the personal adult educational philosophy, the adult learner, developing my own adult educational philosophy, and lastly on how changes is an educational practice. HoweverRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1476 Words   |  6 Pages871 Foundations of Higher Education Summer 2015 Instructor: Joel Abaya, PhD Personal Philosophy of Education Submitted by: Wessam Elamawy . Personal Philosophy of Education Introduction: From the very beginning of my life I recognized the importance of higher education. I am 34 years old. I am Egyptian. I was born in a highly educated family . My father earned a Ph.D. in chemistry. My uncle earned a Ph.D. in Engineering . My aunt is a doctor. My grandparents were highly educatedRead MoreMy Own Beliefs About Teaching And Learning Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pages In writing, discuss which of the philosophies of education and the learning orientations are closest to you? Why? Which do not fit with your philosophy of education and learning? Why? Based upon my own beliefs about teaching and learning, the philosophy of education and the learning orientation that is closest to me is Progressivism; which is a philosophy that places focus on the influential ideologies of education. Progressives believe that education should focus on a child’s individualityRead MoreEducational Philosophy Reflection1539 Words   |  7 Pageswriting notes on the board. This is the type of education that I experience until I graduated high school. When I decided to go into teaching it was an easy decision for me to want to not provide this type of experience to my students. Early in the education program, Bud Stefanski posed us the question about our educational philosophy in the Foundations of Education class. When answering that question, I was 100% progressivism in my education philosophy students should only learn through hands-onRead MoreEssay about Personal Educational Philosophy1069 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This paper is my personal educational philosophy statement. It represents my ideas and values about teaching and learning; it reveals my personal teaching beliefs and their relation to the five major established educational philosophies; it shows my role and responsibilities in educational process. I place great significance on personal style of instruction and its influence on curriculum implementation. The paper also highlights my career aspiration and orientation.

Financial Market Securities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 979 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Financial Terms: Definition Role in Finance Primary Market: Primary market is the new issue market of securities. This market brings together the sources and use or supply and demand for new capital funds. The main source of fund for the primary market is the savings of individuals and businesses. In a highly developed capital market, the largest portion of the individuals saving reaches the new issue market indirectly through financial intermediaries (Bhalla, 2005). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Market Securities" essay for you Create order Role of primary market: In the primary market, Companies directly interact with the investors. Companies raise their new capital in the primary market through public issue and private placements. The basic instruments of raising capital through primary market are debt and equity. Sale of new securities is channeled through the primary market. Both the corporate and government can raise their capital through the issue of new securities. In the primary, market the securities may be issued at face value, premium or discount. The primary market allows the issue of securities in both domestic and international market (Pandey, 2007). Thus, primary market is the market through which the risk capital of issuing company can be circulated. There is no commitment for the interest payment in this market and payment of dividend is also not compulsory and can be paid after fulfilling all kinds of overheads. Listed shares give the benefit of the liquidity to the shareholders. In short, the primary market plays an important role for the companies. Secondary Market: The secondary market is the segment of the capital market, which deals the second hand securities, i.e. securities which are already issued by the companies and have listed in the stock-exchange. In the secondary market, the investors interact with themselves. The secondary market also includes the over- the-counter market and the derivatives market. The secondary market is also called Stock Market. The main instruments of the secondary market are equity shares, security receipts, government securities, commercial papers etc. (Pandey, 2007). Role of Secondary Market: The secondary market determines the price and risk of the issued securities. It provides useful signals to both listed companies and investors to act in the primary market. In the secondary market, the common investors have an effective base for the purchasing and selling of their securities. In the companies, the secondary market performs activities to raise their share value (Bhalla, 2005). Thus the secondary market encourages the individuals and institutions to purchase the new securities. The buyer of the financial securities gets marketability with an executable secondary market. Thus the existence of the firm secondary market raises the efficiency of the primary market (Horne, Wachowicz Bhaduri, 2008). Risk: Risk is defined as the variability of the actual return from the expected returns associated with a given asset/investment. The risk associated with the security is directly proportional to this variability. If the return from the asset is certain, there will be no risk. The risk associated with any asset or security has two components- Diversifiable and Non-diversifiable. The statistical measures of risk of an asset are Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variation (Khan Jain, 2002). Role of Risk: The unsystematic risks are related to the specific firms such as strike and regulatory actions. These risks can be reduced through effective diversification. Whereas systematic risk arises due to the factors affecting all firms like war, political problems, inflation, etc. These risks cannot be ignored by the firms. All the risks associated with the market portfolio are systematic or unavoidable. Thus only non diversifiable risk is the applicable risk (Khan Jain, 2002). The investors in the market always prefer to invest in those securities which have highest return for a lower rate of risk or the lowest risk for a lower rate of return. Both the return and risk are measured in terms of expected value and standard deviation respectively. Investment: Investment is one of the categories of fixed assets. Investment includes all those consumptions, which are expected to produce profits to the firm over a long period of time and comprehends both intangible and tangible assets. The investment refers to investing funds in the securities of another company. Investments are long term assets outside the business of the firm. The purpose of investment is either to earn return or/and to control another company. The investment decisions come under capital budgeting of the firm (Pandey, 2007). Role of Investment: Investment opportunities are created or identified not occurs automatically. Investment ideas of most of the companies are generated at the plant level. In some countries, investment idea generation is done through a bottom-up process, while in others it is done through both-bottom up as well as top-down process. Once the investment proposals are identified they are submitted for scrutiny. Thus investment decisions are important for the firms long term growth. Investment affects the risk of the firm as it involves commitment of large amount of funds. Investments are reversible or irreversible at substantial loss. Thus investment and investment decisions are the most critical elements of a firms growth. Security: Securities which are also known as financial assets are financial tools like shares, bonds or debentures. Securities are issued to the investors by the companies in the primary capital markets to raise essential funds. The securities issued by firms are traded-bought and sold by investors in the secondary capital markets or stock exchanges. Securities include lease obligations and borrowings from banks, financial institutions and other resources. Role of Securities: References Bhalla, V. K. (2005). Investment Management Security Analysis and Portfolio Management. (12th ed.). New Delhi: S. Chand Company Ltd. Pandey, I. M. (2007). Financial Management. (9th ed.). New Delhi: Vikas Publishing Houses Private Ltd. Horne, J. C., Wachowicz, J. M. Bhaduri, S. N. (2008). Fundamentals of Financial Management. (12th ed.). New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley (India) Private Ltd. Khan, M. Y. Jain, P. K. (2002). Financial Management. (3rd ed.). New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.

Jane Eyre Sexism - 1879 Words

In the cases of Jane Austens novel Pride and Prejudice and Emily Brontes Jane Eyre, the ideals of romantic love are very much the same. In both 19th century novels, womens wants and needs are rather simplified. However, this could also be said for the roles and ideals of the male characters. While it was obvious that this era was responsible for a large amount of anti-female sexism in society and the economy, can it also be said that male-female partnerships were simplified from the male perspective? br brIn Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice, it is widely agreed that the character of Jane Bennet is, in all aspects, the perfect 19th century woman. She has beauty, charm, manners, a little intelligence (but not too much), and is very†¦show more content†¦br brObviously, any time one person is more of an ideal than a human to their lover, the relationship is not well. Jane wants Rochester to let her be herself after the marriage, and she believes he will give in on this and other points. In this novel, Rochester is shown to portray a male trait of wanting to control her. Rochester argues with Jane whether or not she will dress and act as he wants when they are married. This part of the story shows a sometimes-common trait in women of being overly optimistic in a relationship with a man. It also shows a sometimes-common trait in men of being overly possessive and jealous. This trait can exist in either of the sexes, however. br brIn conclusion, a few things should be stipulated when thinking about possible sexist overtones toward men and women in 19th century novels. First, to say this does not undermine the obvious and quite definite struggle of women to obtain social and economic equality. Women have always been seen in society as somewhat below men, which is the epitome of sexism. However, it can also be said that mens roles and views were simplified to such an extent as to show some semblance of sexism. This can be seen in either Pride and Prejudice or Jane Eyre. br brAlso, in a discussion of male-female loving relationships, one must include the science of evolution. The ways in which living organisms develop over a great period of time is important to our understanding ofShow MoreRelatedSexism in Jane Eyre1870 Words   |  8 Pagesor social status) had only one remaining position, to become a governess. Charlotte Brontà «, through her protagonist Jane Eyre, clearly depicts the struggles of an indigent young woman who is forced into being a governess. The tale of Jane Eyre is clearly articulated by Adrienne Rich in her essay entitled â€Å"Jane Eyre: The Temptations of a Motherless Woman,† when she states that Jane wants to â€Å"choose her life with dignity, integrity, and pride† (471). Even though Brontà « depicts a woman who will notRead More Sexism Exposed in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSexism Exposed in Brontà «s Jane Eyre       The Victorian era in England marked a period of unprecedented technological, scientific, political, and economic advancement.   By the 1840s, the English had witnessed remarkable industrial achievements including the advent of the railways and the photographic negative.   They had witnessed the expansion of the Empire, and, as a result, were living in a time of great economic stability.   Yet they had also seen thousands of people starving-and dying-dueRead MoreEssay about Jane Eyre: The Effect of a Patriarchal Society 1721 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Brontà « composed her novel Jane Eyre during the Victorian era; a period of history where Patriarchy set the expectations of men and women. The effect of this social system resulted in women suffering discrimination simply because of their gender. Sigmund Freud, in his essay entitled, â€Å"The Relation of the Poet to Day-Dreaming,† articulated that women were only capable of having erotic wishes dominate their â €Å"phantasies,† and even their ambitious â€Å"phantasies† were rooted in erotic wishes (177)Read MoreJane Eyre : A True Love Story1875 Words   |  8 Pagesset these two women apart, their use of symbolism can be closely compared to one another. Wide Sargasso Sea, the prelude to Jane Eyre, paints a picture of how accounts and understandings differ from each novel, creating a sense of characters pasts being unavoidable. The Wide Sargasso Sea is an imaginative and innovative rejoinder to Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre. Jane Eyre is a true love story in many aspects, yet it would not be a true love story if there weren’t complications and disadvantagesRead MoreEssay on Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre and Pride and Prejudice1903 Words   |  8 PagesWuthering Heights, Jane Eyre and Pride and Prejudice Wuthering Heights presents the theme of love within and outside of marriage. This book has a major female character whose marriage conflicts in some way with her ideal of love. Catherines first love is Heathcliff. She falls in love with him as both grow up together. Yet she finds a different kind of love with Edgar Linton. Catherine decides to marry Edgar, who can satisfy her civilized side. When Heathcliff returnsRead MoreRelationship Between Men and Women: Jane Eyre and The Handmaids Tale1775 Words   |  8 Pages Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre entails a social criticism of the oppressive social ideas and practices of nineteenth-century Victorian society. The presentation of male and female relationships emphases men’s domination and perceived superiority over women. Jane Eyre is a reflection of Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s own observation on gender roles of the Victorian era, from the vantage point of her position as governess much like Jane’s. Margaret Atwood’s novel was written during a period of conservative revival in theRead MoreEssay on Analysis From Feminist/Gender Critic Of Book Wicked1926 Words   |  8 Pagesthe other hand, gender/feminist critics have been able to analyze the Wizard of Oz as well as Wicked, in order to find a more elaborate meaning behind the story itself. They have discussed what lies behind the story when it comes to the issue of sexism and masculinity towards the book itself as well as the characters. There are many concepts as well that he lp to further explain feminism and gender criticism. The four concepts that will be discussed later on are gender, feminist writings, patriarchalRead MoreEssay about The Introduction of Feminist Criticism1815 Words   |  8 Pagesview, emphasizing the textual analysis approach and revealing the sexual discrimination in creation and criticism area, the American criticism aims at constructing their own critical criteria, and can be divided into three phases: criticism of male sexism in the androtexts, discovery of the women writers in history or spade work gynotexts; and feminist discourse for female identity (Leitch 1988:307). 2.1.1 The first phase The first phase lasted from the late 1960s to the early 1970s, with

Strategic Analysis of Orange UK Free Essays

string(88) " that make consumers to relish are Orange Wednesday, Reserve Tank and Tiny Top Up, ect\." Chapter 1. Orange Mobile Service and its Context Orange Mobile service contains calling, messaging, information service, mobile entertainment, mobile email, mobile data service, etc. Key elements in service delivery Designing the service Ensuring that: Customer needs are clearly identified Reasonable expectations are set Services are easy access, responsive, timely and reliable Where possible, some choice is provided for users Those delivering the service have appropriate skills Implementing the service: Ensuring that: Service delivery is consistent regardless of where or by whom it is delivered Services are simple to understand and receive Services are cost effective Assessing achievement Ensuring that: Quality of service is regularly reviewed Users have easy right of address for poor quality services There is a programme of continuous improvement Value of the service to customers The main value of Orange mobile service to customers is to provide calling and cost. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Analysis of Orange UK or any similar topic only for you Order Now Orange provides not only general calling services as other communication companies, but there are also many different styles of calling service for consumers to choose. HD Voice is one of revolutionary technology Orange possesses. There will be a crystal clear HD Voice when customers making phone calls. It is a better, more natural experience, less background noise, taking any strain out of listening, no matter in the street or at the station. Orange also provides conference calling service, which can support talking to up to five people at the same. Definitely, if customers have 3G handsets and in the 3G area, they can also make video calls whenever they want. There are also several types of messaging service for orange users to choose. Orange can guarantee customers sending or receiving photo messages and video messages as fast as text messages. Customers can also use photo messaging to send pictures to their social networking pages. As above, orange provides UK customers a convenient and high quality mobile service. And customers can choose either â€Å"pay monthly† or â€Å"pay as you go† to obtain all the mobile service. No matter using 3G functional benefits or international communications, the price always accounts for a lower level when comparing with the other communication companies in this profession. Therefore, Orange provides a high value mobile service to customers in UK. Assumptions A reasonable assumption for Orange to segment customers is quite important. Customers with different ages, occupations and family status will have different needs and usage of the service. For young people, messaging and mobile data services are their main purpose. For businessman, their main uses are calling services. For overseas students, international calls will be an important part to contact with their family. Some people are mad about music. Some people are sports fans. Some people don’t use mobile phone so much. Orange classifies customers by their different status and demands. With these segmentations, Orange offers different bundling service packages to meet various requirements. Orange also names the different packages with the animals which are very interesting and attractive. Monkey: The customers are mad about music. They can get free tunes and texts on Monkey, plus news, competitions which Orange think customer will like, and offers straight to their phone. Dolphin: The customers love to socialize. They can text, poke or tweet as many times as they like with Dolphin. With their top-up, they can get free text and internet on their phone. Canary: The customers love to chat. They can talk to friends and family for hours on Canary with free evening and weekend calls to any mobile. They can alternatively share great moments with free texts or free photo messaging every evening and weekend. Racoon: The customer in a no nonsense talker. Racoon is a simple, low cost plan that’s great for talking and texting. Customer can get lowest call rate of just 12p per minute and send a text for only 12p too. Camel: The customer often calls abroad. They can stay connected with friends and family in more than 50 countries with free minutes on Camel. Plus, even when they run out of their free minutes, they will still get great rates starting from as low as 5p. As above, the five packages will be suitable for most of the customers. Orange also has a lot of other bundling services which satisfied all their customers. Service from a customer’s viewpoint From a customer’s viewpoint, Orange not only offers great services on calling and messaging, but also stands in consumer’s angle to furnish many humanized services. The most popular one may be the Magic Number. Magic Number is based on an old-fashioned chat but is a new way to â€Å"help you stay in touch with those who matter to you most.† There is another intimate design in all of callings which received a widespread praise — Network Performance Promise. Orange is the only network to give customers up to a minute of talk time back, in the unlikely event that you’re cut off during a call. It means if the calling between A and B is cut by some reason, and A calls B again within five minutes, Orange will credit 1 minute to A’s account to cover A’s loss just now. Call Barring is also a useful service to users. Customers could block either incoming or outgoing calls whenever they like, and Orange won’t charge for this. Orange Chat and Orange Messenger enable the consumers to enjoy immediate chatting fun as well as BlackBerry mobile service. In the Insurance and protection aspect, Orange Care has exempted customers’ worrying about lost, stolen, damaged or develops a fault on their phones. Orange also provides a useful service named Payforit, which is the trusted payment service developed by Orange and the other networks, and operated and provided by approved payment service providers known as Accredited Payment Intermediaries. Payforit is the easy way to buy goods and services using customer’s mobile phone and charge the amount directly to bill or pre-pay credit. Other services that make consumers to relish are Orange Wednesday, Reserve Tank and Tiny Top Up, ect. You read "Strategic Analysis of Orange UK" in category "Essay examples" Orange customers could buy 2 for 1 cinema tickets and 2 for 1 pizza on Wednesdays. And if someone runs out of his/her credit on the phone and does not have means to top up, he/she could text and call Orange customer service to apply for extra 2.50 pounds to continue the important business. Therefore, in the customer’s viewpoint, Orange provide a series of humanized services to convenience and perfect the whole mobile experience in customer’s daily using. Skills and knowledge a customer need To gain maximum value from the service, customer needs to be familiar with Orange services, know exactly what the service include and choose a most suitable service which is Consistent with their usage. As mentioned, Orange has many kinds of service package for different types of customers. Customers can go to the Orange shop and talk to the salespeople about the service they want. A personalized service will be more emotional and acceptable to customer. Customer can also call to the customer service or visit Orange website to find any latest new service and changes. Subscribing to Orange E-mail tips about their news will be an efficient way. Nature of competition in the market Currently market competition in the communications industry is already very fierce. The core of competition is no longer a contest of mobile communication technology or price, the customer service is the aspect both mobile service companies and consumers most focused on. Nowadays, 3G technology is widespread, and 4G technology is under developing, so there is nearly no technical differences between major communications companies such as O2, Vodafone, Orange, T-Mobile and 3. However, the relatively fixed market structure makes these companies have no much choice space and leeway in the pricing because the cost is little different. Hence, the customer service of a company becomes the most valued quality in consumer’s view. The number of retail stores and the attitude and steps of telephone customer service determine the quality of service of this company. Mobile service companies should divert the competitive focus to the bottom level, which means making more investment in the e xpansion of retail stores, enhanced the function and convenience of telephone services, employee training and so on. By improving these services motioned above to enhance competitiveness. And at the same time, improve customer satisfaction, thereby improve Customer Loyalty. Terminals and end-user devices Handsets are terminals and end-user devices for Orange mobile service. In Orange shops, the display of different kinds of mobile phones and to have a tryout free of charge gives customers an intuitive image about the services. Queries, orders and complaints handling can also be dealing with in Orange shops. It makes customer understanding the service better Chapter 2. The Service Supply Chain As a mature telecommunication company, Orange UK has a complete supply chain in delivering service, which is in order to provide better and more comprehensive mobile services to customers. Therein, Orange cooperates with Cisco and HUAWEI to set up infrastructures, and shares 2G Network with T-mobile to expand the signal coverage, and also cooperates with some handset manufacture, banks, post office, cinema and other companies to Improve and expand the business scope. Orange constructs and operates Retail stores, Telephone customer service and website to provide customers more various and more convenient service. Structure of Orange UK mobile service supply chain As the supply chain show above, Orange cooperates with infrastructure suppliers, such as Cisco and HUAWEI, to construct base stations and lay basic cables. Orange bought large switches and some other core devices from these companies and signed the agreement on the daily operations of the maintenance. In addition, this part cooperation in the supply chain is one of the most basic and important parts which could not be elided in further alternative structures. On October 2010, the merger of Orange and T-Mobile is formal implemented. 30 million customers’ phone will phones would automatically switch to whichever of the two networks has the strongest signal mid-call. And the underlying system is similar to that used when a phone â€Å"roams† on a different network abroad. The first practical benefit from this cooperation is the advantage of network coverage. Though the cooperation at this stage is limited to 2G network, it has been praised by experts and consumers. In addition, this part is one of the alternative structures in the Orange mobile service supply chain. Orange has a long cooperation with many handset manufacturers to provide Orange customers a variety of mobile phones to be paid monthly or â€Å"pay as you go†. There are Blackberry, HTC, Nokia, Motorola, LG, Sony Ericsson and some other brand mobile phones for customers to choose. Customer could get the phone he/she liked for free and enjoy bundling package calling discount if sign a contract to pay monthly. Customer could also choose â€Å"pay as you go† to get phones in a lower price than the market price. The most popular pay monthly plan is iPhone, with which customer can enjoy iPhone applications, music and games by installment payment, greatest experience with low price. As for the SIM only plans, in addition to the variety of different specified packages designed for different groups (introduced in Chapter 1), Orange also provides Orange Business for small and medium companies or groups. On the basis of the general package plans, Orange Business adds free calls and texts between sharers within the group, which is convenience and cheap for business. In addition, various plans are the main service and steady income of Orange, so it could not be elided in further alternative structures. Orange also has other cooperation projects with some companies in other area to get win-win and offer users more services. For example, on Wednesdays, customers can enjoy 2 for 1 in cinemas and Pizza Express; customers can pay by their SIM card account by Payforit; Orange also cooperates with BT Landline to provide home broadband service, ect. In addition, these extra services are alternative structures in the Orange mobile service supply chain. As discussed in the Chapter 1, another important competition factor in the communications industry is customer service. Orange constructs and operates over 300 retail stores in UK and 24 hours telephone customer service system. Retail stores are around the streets in major cities with complete sales system, plenty of mobile phones and other goods and well-trained employees, which can reach customer’s requirement. Services in retail stores are mainly focus on sales, and follow-up services almost rely on the telephone customer service system. Complete automated voice service system can help users solve problems themselves 24 hours. Plenitudinous and well-trained employees ensure the manual telephone service can satisfy customers quickly and accurately. In addition, customer service is too important for a telecommunication company to be elided in the supply chain. Orange also constructs and operates the Orange website to rich the content and ways to service. Customers not only can find all information about Orange, but also can discover many useful functions on Orange website. On the homepage, there are lasted news all over the world, sport matches report, weather information and so on. The mobile entertainment page provide music download and various handset games which come from the cooperation between Orange and some music companies, pc game companies. There is also available for topping up online or ordering new SIM cards through the website. The last but not least, customers can manage their account online including check electronic bills. In addition, Orange website service could be seen as an alternative structure in the supply chain. Shared Resource There are still another two parts of important cooperation in delivering the mobile service, whose controller are banks and post office. Orange sign a contract with a customer must be through a bank to charge the customer monthly. And if someone uses the online top up service it is still related to the cooperation between banks and Orange. But in the telecommunication market, other companies use the same way to charge users, so banks service on mobile phone is shared by financial markets, savings business, lending business, other mobile service companies (such as O2, Vodafone, T-Mobile and 3) and so on. Orange will send paper bill every month to each contract customer by post. And if someone orders a new SIM card online or lost the handset under the insurance, orange also will deliver the package by post. As for the case of sharing resources, post office is roughly same as the Banks, which is share by postal services and also other mobile service companies. It is clearly to find out that banks and post offices are in operation or under the control of national macroeconomic regulation by the government, both banks and post office have strong business management and processing capabilities, and also the Orange only takes a little bit of these sharing resources, so there won’t be any influence on the Orange mobile service by sharing resources on bank and post office business. Software architecture and cloud-based configuration Figure1 [1] Cloud-based configuration would be appropriate as Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.[2] Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and storage services that do not require end-user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services. Parallels to this concept can be drawn with the electricity grid, where end-users consume power without needing to understand the component devices or infrastructure required to provide the service.[3] Cloud computing describes a new supplement, consumption, and delivery model for IT services based on Internet protocols, and it typically involves provisioning of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources[4][5] Cloud-based Configuration has many advantages. First, cloud-based configuration provides the most reliable and secure data storage center, users do not have to worry about data loss, virus attack and other problems. econdly, the cloud-based configuration requires quite low on the client devices and is most convenient to use. n addition, it is easy to share data and applications between different devices. Finally, cloud-based configuration can reduce operating costs and maximize the commercial interests. As above, Cloud-based configuration would be an appropriate architecture of this service. Chapter 3. Governance Structures Quality of service Quality of service in the field of telephony is formed by 6 primary components: Support, Operability, Accessibility, Retainability, Integrity and Security.[6] Bit rate, bit error rate, jitter, delay and packet dropping probability should meet the required standard. Voice call quality directly reflects the quality of service. Stable signal should be guaranteed to customers. A communications network forms the backbone of any successful organization. These networks transport a multitude of applications and data, including high-quality video and delay-sensitive data such as real-time voice. The bandwidth-intensive applications stretch network capabilities and resources, but also complement, add value, and enhance every business process. Networks must provide secure, predictable, measurable, and sometimes guaranteed services. Achieving the required Quality of Service (QoS) by managing the delay, delay variation (jitter), bandwidth, and packet loss parameters on a network becomes the secret to a successful end-to-end business solution. Thus, QoS is the set of techniques to manage network resources. [7] Responsible for ensuring the service The QoS is ensured by the Infrastructure. More base stations can provide a better network. Now Orange shared their 2G network with T-mobile. It means Orange customer can use T-mobile network and better to be connected. Central switch(Cisco, HUAWEI) with fast speed and powerful processing capability can also improve the QoS by reducing the packet dropping probability. Orange customer service accesses their network quality by being contacted to the customers directly and getting the feedback. Then Orange RD department solve the problems which are collected by customer service, upgrade the network system and develop new ways to access to the network better. Therefore the quality of service are ensured to meet the standards. SLAs between suppliers for offering this service A Service-Based SLA is needed for offering this service. Service-Based SLA is an agreement for customer to use the service which is delivered by suppliers. It is consist of a definition of services, the levels of availability, warranties, problem management, billing, performance measurement, disaster recovery, customer duties and termination of agreement.[8] Penalties may be agreed upon in the case of non-compliance of the SLA. It is important to note that the â€Å"agreement† relates to the services the customer receives, and not how the service provider delivers that service. Types of variability The basic type of variability is contractual agreement to be changed or terminated. The contract which has been signed between customer and provider would be terminated in certain circumstances. For example, the poor performance of the network and customer service will dissatisfy customers. In this case, Customer has the right to terminated the contract and change to another supplier. Once customer find their usage is always outside of contact allowance, or customer’s status has been changed and need a more suitable bundling package service, they will also want to terminate the current contract and change to a more adaptive contract. To manage the above variability, Orange needs to make a precision performance measurement and keeps improving their network. A patient and efficient customer service will give customer a good impression and increase the customer loyalty. New contract and bundling package service which is advance in time can attract both current customers and potential users. Alternative ways to define/measure quality of service In a telephony system, quality of service can be divided into two parts, â€Å"human† and â€Å"technical†. Human factors include: stability of service, availability of service, delays, user information. Technical factors include: reliability, scalability, effectiveness, maintainability, Grade of Service, etc.[9] QoS is not only referring to the ability to reserve resources, but also referring to the level of quality of service, for example, guaranteed service quality. An alternative definition of quality of service is requirements on a metric that reflects or predicts the subjectively experienced quality. In this context, QoS is the acceptable cumulative effect on subscriber satisfaction of all imperfections affecting the service.[10] Dealt with problems In this case, customer service becomes a great section to do deal with problems. The attitude of the customer service will be a decisive factor. A patient and friendly customer service will be helpful in contacting with customers. Most of customers get confused in automation services during the endless pressing the number keys to find the solution of their problems or to access to the manual service. Establishing an easy way to access to the manual service and reducing the fare rate will be considerate. Submitting the problem via official website or by email is also convenient for customer. Processes/systems for dealing with faults A quick reaction system should be established based on an internal platform. Once a fault has been informed to the customer service, it should be immediately classified to the defined types and passed to the maintenance department. Then the maintenance department can solve the faults according to the priority which is determined by the types of problems. Once the faults has been solved, the details of the faults and the methods used should be recorded in data-base. If the same fault occurs next time, it takes no time to find a solution, instead, just need to check the faults data-base and find the prior method to deal with it. As above, this system provides a quite efficient way to dealing with faults. Chapter 4. Service Management Systems The service management system can be split into four sections, order taking, provision of service to customer, billing, fault management. Order taking Orange customers can order their there service directly from the retail store or over the website. A mature order taking system should have the ability to respond to customers’ requests quickly. The order taking system can show the storage of each retail store. It is a real-time monitor. In some case, once a retail store is out of stock, the nearby store can support it immediately. The system can also make a prediction based on the past sales status and then provide a reasonable sales strategy. Order taking trough Orange website needs to deliver the service in a limit time which is also controlled by the system. The system has an efficient mail order service and attracts and keeps customers. It can also increase accuracy of order details, miss no more sales orders and enhance security. The ultimate aim of the system is to ensure services are accessible to customers. Provision of service to a customer A system is established to support and manage the service provision. Orange customer can contact the call centre, and then call centre will record the request and distribute it to the related department. For store management and work-force management, they offer technician support. For network management, it provides the maintenance and test service and network capacity assignment. The aim of the system is to ensure service in a high quality. Billing Orange provides both paper and electronic bills. It clearly shows the usage of the service and helps customer manager their uses. Billing systems is used to collect information about telephone calls and other services that are going to be billed to the subscriber. It can be divided into two parts, call detail record system and call accounting system.[11] Call detail record system is the computer record produced by a telephone exchange containing details of a phone call that passed through it. It can be used for supporting the operations by providing information on faulty calls, and measures of the amount of traffic taken along particular routes.[12] Call accounting system captures, records, and costs telephone usage events. Call accounting systems can detect outbound and inbound calls, call ring outs, call routings, abandoned calls, and other activities.[13] Orange provides both paper and electronic bills. It clearly shows the usage of the service and helps customer manager their uses. Fault management Fault management system can detect, isolate, and correct malfunctions in Orange network. It can examine and maintain errors. Once a fault appears, the system will send a notification to the network operator. Then it will carry out a series of automatic test to correct the faults. A mature system can automatically correct potential problem-causing conditions and resolve actual malfunctions. Details about the system see above 3.7. Orange has cooperation with other companies which interact with the service management system. For fault management system, if the core switch is broken, it needs experts from the manufacturer to deal with it. A contract about a series of after-sales service is needed. Chapter 5. Risks involved in launching Orange UK mobile service In the past three decades, mobile communication industry has completed development, progress and popularization. The advances in technology, the increase in consumer demand and the exacerbated competition among communications companies made it difficult to estimate the risk about this industry. Not only because it has high requirements for technology updates, but also due to the large customer group leads to the required standards of service quality is inconsistent. Risks during Orange UK design stage prior to its launch Orange UK was founded in 1994. [15] Before that, there were lots of difficulties and risks during the service definition and design stage prior to Orange’s launch. At that time, communications market was underdeveloped, and the market was mainly occupied by landline telephones. The citizen preferred to use public telephones than bought expensive mobile phones themselves. As a beginner, the first risk of Orange was the huge investment on developing Infrastructure, constructing retail stores and telephone customer service, cooperation with other companies to provide service and advertisement. The payback period and the profit were both unsure. Second, the popularization rate of mobile phone was decided by the price of handsets and monthly fee to use, which were big challenges to citizen. Third, O2 UK had been founded for 10 years and already had a complete service system and a fixed customer group; [16] One2One (which is T-Mobile UK now) was launched in September 1993 and had al ready started normal operation; [17] Vodafone is the originator of mobile communication, as early as 1980, began its operation. [18] Hence, as a new company, Orange must faced to the competition and found ways to occupy a certain market share. Finally, there perhaps were unspecified risks in the development. Orange’s on-going risks and the ways to be ameliorated Although orange is now under well functioning and has a complete customer service system, there still are two main risks existing. First, the stability of cooperation with the companies in the service supply chain decides whether the whole mobile service could be continued. Second, more and more fierce competition in the communication market nowadays affects Orange’s profits directly. There are several methods to avoid and reduce these risks. First, accelerate the pace of new technology research. Second, expand the cooperation with T-Mobile from sharing 2G network to 3G network or even other technologies. Third, Increase the quality of mobile service to improve customer satisfaction which is order to improve customer loyalty. Finally, make contingency plans to reduce other potential consequences. Chapter 6. Improvements to the Service Improve customer service Contact with customers on a regular frequency. Collect the feedback from customers and see if they are satisfied with the service. Solve the customers complaints quickly and successfully. Offer as many contact methods as possible and make it easy for customer to contact to Orange. Give customers more than they expect. E-mail them online greeting cards on holidays or birthdays. Always be polite to your customers. Build strong relationships with your customers. Improve quality of service Update the equipment and system to obtain fast speed and high stability. Use new technology to have a high quality service Deal with the fault within a limit time. Make change to service Orange should develop new service to customers which is more suitable for different kinds of customers. Some new bundling package can be set to meet customer’s needs. More cooperation with other companies or organizations Orange can cooperate with other companies to extend their service. An existing example is the cooperation with MSN, Orange customer can use their account to send instant message on their phone with MSN. In this case, Orange can attract more users and keep their existing customers. Predict changes The changes in technology will cause the need for enhancements. Changes from 3G to 4G network is the future of Orange. This new technology will provide customers better service which has more functions and applications. Orange now has an industrial project, â€Å"conquests 2015†, which is involved in four parts, employee pride, networks, customers, international development The aim is to: Offer its employees a beneficial working environment. Increase coverage and bandwidth for both fixed and mobile networks, in both mature and emerging countries. Offer a superior customer experience compared to other operators. Sales are expected to double over the next five years in emerging markets.[14] Finally, Orange plans to grow from close to 200 million customers at present to 300 million by 2015 across its entire footprint. Chapter 7. Reference [1]http://www.hill2dot0.com/wiki/index.php?title=Image:G2407_GSM-Architecture.jpg [2]â€Å"NIST.gov–Computer Security Division–Computer Security Resource Center†. Csrc.nist.gov. http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/cloud-def-v15.doc.Retrieved 2010-08-2 [3] http://www.wikipedia.org/ [4]â€Å"Gartner Says Cloud Computing Will Be As Influential As E-business†. Gartner.com. http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=707508 Retrieved 2010-08-22. [5] Gruman, Galen (2008-04-07). â€Å"What cloud computing really means†. InfoWorld. http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/what-cloud-computing-really-means-031 Retrieved 2009-06-02 [6]Defined in 1994 in the ITU-T Recommendation E.800 [7]http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6558/products_ios_technology_home.html [8]An outline of the core elements of an SLA. The Service Level Agreement. http://www.sla-zone.co.uk/ [9]Peuhkuri M., IP Quality of Service, Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Telecommunications Technology, 1999. [10]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_service [11]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billing [12]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_detail_record [13]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_accounting [14]http://www.orange.com/en_EN/press/press_releases/cp100705en.jsp [15]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_uk [16]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O2_uk [17]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-mobile_uk [18]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafone How to cite Strategic Analysis of Orange UK, Essay examples

Home Is Where The Heart Is Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Home Is Where The Heart Is Argumentative Essay Playwright Cheryl West can tell you about a family she knew from Chicago in which the mother was a drug addict One Christmas, high as a kite, the woman sold her childrens toys on the streets and used the money to buy crack cocaine. West, a former human-services counselor, recalls another real-life mother who shot her own daughter at close range, determined that she would not grow up in such a brutal world. The suffering of innocent urban children is what motivated Wests new play, Holiday Heart, and what fuels its barely concealed howl of pain. We will write a custom essay on Home Is Where The Heart Is Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Currently crossing the country in an innovative three-way co-production Holiday Heart first found life this past January in a production directed by Tazewell Thompson (a longtime West admirer and-collaborator) at New Yorks Syracuse Stage. Aside from some minor technical adjustments, audiences at the Cleveland Play House saw the same production this March. The cast has now moved to Seattle, where the play, a warm but sometimes harrowing opened at the Seattle Repertory Theatre on April 20. Although the play was cast designed and rehearsed in New York State, all three theatres have shared equally in production and transportation costs. All-in-one parent The title of the drama comes from the name of the affable and emotionally stable drag queen at the plays center, a man forced to become an all-in-one parent to a sad but resilient Chicago 12-year-old, who has been abandoned by her mother. Played by the physically imposing Keith Randall Smith a broadchested man who stands over six feet tall and exuberantly dressed in Paul Tazewells splendidly garish costumes, Holiday Heart is a sympathetic, warmly humorous figure. When we first meet mother and daughter (played by Harriett D. Foy and LaShonda Hunt), the two have a materially impoverished but emotionally rich existence, with the flamboyant but neighborly Holiday Heart forming part of their extended family. Frustrated by a lack of opportunity and rejection letters from publishers to whom she has sent poetry and enticed by cocaine left in her home by a drug-dealing boyfriend the mother soon finds herself trapped in her old habit, which she finances by selling her body on the streets. The spunky but needy child, who functions as the plays narrator, must come to terms not only with being abandoned by her mother, but also her growing awareness of what her mothers new life entails. In short order, Holiday has become the girls earnest, if somewhat comical, substitute parent. West has fun with scenarios of the pairs unusual new domestic life, as the eccentric man is forced to, deal with the perils of teenage menstruation and tries to offer lessons in sex education. West is constantly at pains to show that societys notions of family must be as inclusive as possible and that even the seemingly wretched members of a community can offer some help to a child including the plays drug dealer (Ron C. Jones), who never touches his own wares, and is portrayed as a decent human being struggling to do his limited best for the troubled girl. Issues that are taboo West refuses to pander to the stereotypes common to most naturalistic dramas of this genre. The playwright also amply demonstrates her fine ear for the vernacular, creating a poetic urban drama with a rhythm akin to a jazz composition. But for all its strengths of character and speech the plays most striking moment occurs in the final scene, when its inherent sadness gains the upper hand and the drama reaches an unexpected and violent conclusion. At the Cleveland Play House, unsuspecting audiences reacted to the startling ending either in shocked silence or with gasps and even a few screams of horror. The force of the ending powerfully confirms the plays abiding message that our myopic and self-obsessed society must take notice of (and responsibility for) its blameless, suffering children. .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c , .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c .postImageUrl , .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c , .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c:hover , .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c:visited , .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c:active { border:0!important; } .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c:active , .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b27240d3eaeecab42a4702896cb7e5c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gurney cuts loose - sort of EssayWest says that she felt some pressure to soften the brutal climax at one point but Thompson persuaded her to remain true to her original impulses. I told her that this was the ending that was true to the play, he remembers. When drugs are involved, no one wins. West, a 37-year-old resident of Champagne, Ill. who spent 15 years in the social services field one of her last non-theatrical jobs was as an HIV-testing counselor has never been reluctant to tackle serious issues, even those taboo in a black community that often suffers from denial. Her first major play, Before It Hits Home, deals with a young African-American forced to tell his disbelieving and non-supportive family that he has AIDS. After Thompson directed the production at Washington, D.C.s Arena Stage, this piece by the then-unknown writer won the prestigious Susan Smith Blackburn prize. Mothers and daughters Not all Wests plays have been entirely successful. jar the Floor, which was produced in several regional theatres last year, is an alternately humorous and sad piece of domestic realism in which West probes four generations of relationships between mothers and daughters, demonstrating each time how the women have been too busy fighting the influence of their mothers to effectively communicate with them. The play proved entertaining but formulaic. Puddinand Pete, a weak romantic comedy which premiered last year at Chicagos Goodman Theatre, was awkward and mawkishly sentimental. In comparison with these earlier plays, Holiday Heart seems revelatory. West owes a great deal to Thompson, who first discovered the playwrights work, at a multicultural playwriting festival in Seattle. I greatly admire her courage, says the director. She takes a Pandoras Box of difficult issues and uses them to bring audiences together. West herself is a charming and quiet-spoken woman who modestly downplays her ongoing screenwriting projects with Spike Lee and Oprah Winfreys Harpo Studios. But it immediately becomes obvious that the impulse for Holiday Heart came straight from her soul. You can still save a child at 13, she says with light in her eyes. Maybe, after seeing this play, people will make a re-commitment to their own families. Maybe people will be less inclined to think that only a certain kind of parent can love. And maybe, next time they see violent pictures on television, people will ask themselves what they can do to change things.

Leadership On Organizational Performance -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Leadership On Organizational Performance? Answer: Introduction: Leadership is one of the basic necessities of an organization that makes it run, and thrive in a competitive environment. A leader and a group define the relationship in the organization that helps in the construction of a healthy and thriving environment for the organization to grow and persist in the market (Landauer, 2007). As a result the impact of a leader in a group is significant and it can go both ways having a major positive effect on the organization or the drastic negative impact on the organization. Hence, from ancient times, since the times of Vedic literature, to Plato, to the present, the concept of leadership and the right characteristics of a leader has been debated, theorised and sought, so that the negative impact of a leader can be minimised and the positive impact takes hold of an organization, or group, and directs it (Brennan, 2011). Since leadership has such a large impact on the organization and its members, there needs to be a constant check on the leader and the actual impact that the said leader is imparting on the organization. The leader once appointed needs to be monitored in a way that the leader works according to what the company expects from him and sees him to do in action. The leaders worldview, ethics, ways of communication, and the very image of the leader should be taken into consideration while the relationship of the leader and the group is being monitored in a way that the input of the leader in the group should not drastically affect the group and the way it is supposed to run (Taylor, 2008). A toxic leader is a leader who leads the group or a project to the end, only leaving it worse off or negatively than what it was before. Hence, the significance of a leader and the impact of the leader in a specific group activity or on a specific project should not be overlooked but regarded and supervi sed by experts in very analytical manner (Larsen, Monarchi, Hovorka, Bailey, 2008). This purpose of this project is to undertake a complete study of how leadership impacts an organization both positively and negatively so that the organization can safeguard itself and monitor the kind of leaders and leadership qualities that they expect and have chosen to be part of their organization. The Research proposal is centred on the kinds of leaders and the type of leadership that has been documented and theorised by psychologists and sociologists and how these can affect an organization in their specific ways (Zuffo, 2004). The project is organized in a specific way which is as follows. The Introduction will be part of Section I of this project. This shall be followed by Problem Statement, Research Objectives, Project Justification and the outcome that could be expected from the end of the project. This constitutes of Section I of the project. Section II consists of Conceptual Framework, Research Hypothesis and Methodology. Section III of this project consists of the Organization of the project, the Gantt chart and the estimated Budget required to carry out the project. Problem Statement: While the concepts of leadership are still dubious and ever-changing, there are certain characteristics that a leaders needs to have is self-defined and necessary. The character of the leader strikes out more prominently than that of the group since the leader defines the characters of the group, categorizes them, defines their role in the working of the organization and directs the entire group to the benefit of a project or an organization as a whole (Evangelopolous, 2011). Hence, the nature of impact of a leader on the group needs to be understood and studied closely. The root cause of the faulty leadership is not only the leader in itself but the methods in which the leader chooses to work. A leaders worldview, interactive skills, and ability to integrate a group and direct it to a singular objective is as necessary as is the methods in which the leader communicates the views and directs the group. Hence, it is a necessity that the correct leader be first chosen by letting the leader act in controlled environment, along with a proper training that should be imparted on the leader and an expert observation that would make the leader eligible for becoming the one who leads the organization (Kulesza, Weaver Friedman, 2011). Leadership is a natural talent but it is a talent that needs to be honed and trained to the specific of the organization. Thus, this project deals with such a very important issue and part of an organization, and tries to study and analyse the concepts of leadership and the impact that the leader is putting into the functioning of an organization and how it seems to be running after the impact has been placed on it(Taylor Bedeian, 2007). Also, the various documented methodsthat have been used and chosen by leaders of the past and the successes that could come out of it, depending on the organization, will be researched upon in this document. This is done so that no organization could falter due to poor leadership qualities, and so that leaders know what is expected from them in the future. Research Aim: The research is aimed at identifying the impact of leadership on an organization, the nature of the impact that the leader has on the organization. The research also aims at looking into the nature of leadership and how that could affect different organization in different manners and identifying the problems of faulty or inadequate leadership qualities and the way that those problems could be tackled and minimised for the benefit of an organization. More specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions: How the leadership impacted the organization? How well the methods or manners used by the leader benefitted the group and organization? How the group responded to the leader and how the organization responded to the leadership qualities of the leader? What are the factors of a leadership to thrive or fail in organizations? How well are the documented methods of a leader able to make an organization thrive? The answers to these questions would circulate around the specific aim of the project and try to evaluate the nature of a leadership and how it affects an organization. Research Justification: Leadership provides a direction to the group and leads the organization towards a specific path. However, since there is a constant interaction between the leader and the group, there needs to be study made on the response of groups towards their leaders. More generally, questions of how team member personalities interact to determine team effectiveness is a relatively understudied area (Taylor Bedeian, 2007). So this research tries to study the probably responses that a team may have on the leader and how the affections of the teams due to the leaderships impacts the entire organization as a whole. The double sided impact of leadership should be analysed and studied in this project. The proposal will be undertaken with the help of literature review of previous works which have tried come to similar results and have failed. Certain limitations to the previous work for that their concentration to a specific group or kind of industry hampered their ability to put the same result upon the other groups of industries (Paxton, 2011). Also, due to the gathering of information from third or fourth hand sources, the reliability of this information makes it dubious. The current project shall have the limitation of not identifying the social constructs that interacts with the organization but barring that, it would try to recognize the impact of leadership and the variance of the organization regarding the growth or fall after the leaders input (Salimath, 2011). An example of a leadership gone wrong could be seen from the debacle of Blackberry, which suffers from extreme cases of nepotism which makes the choosing of leaders not be made out of merit. Since nepotism wins over competence in Blackberry, the leaders impact on the organization as a whole is neither encouraging and nor positive (Martin Berry, 2007). Taking all these into consideration, the benefits that once could draw from the study are: It can be used to study how a leader can have an impact on an organization. The understudied area which brings the team members personalities into the purview of this academic study will result in opening up of a new path through which the study could be conducted. It will look into the methods of leadership and try to understand which industries are favoured by which kind of leadership. It will be extremely helpful for new companies, small companies or start-ups who are struggling to find leaders or to understand the impact of leadership in the organization Expected Result: The outcome of this project will provide a more extensive review of leadership qualities and how leadership qualities have an impact on organization. Though leaders are individual and their individual takes on leadership qualities are highly variable, a look into the documented cases of good and bad leadership techniques and a general overview of the impact of leadership on the organization should be able to provide a general skeleton of what is the expected impact from a leader and what is the way in which negative impacts could be minimized and positive impacts maximised through proper leadership skills (Short, 2011). The project seeks to answer all the objective based questions to get a deeper view into the effects of leadership. These outputs will be viewed as serious academic work in the future and could also help newer start-ups and small firms to identify proper leaders from their organization and try to make sure a positive impact is left in their organization making it capab le of success and growth. Conceptual Framework: Although leadership is one of the most dominant and interdisciplinary domains in organizational research, it is still unknown where and how leadership permeates its essence in the organization, in what parts and activities of the organization and how it directs the organization as a whole. However, subsequent reviews have illuminated on the observation that leadership has resulted in variation of performance and productivity as much as increasing it by 50% of the original. Thus the later reviews had been able to determine that leadership has a meaningful effect on the organization, but it was still unable to categorize, illuminate or address the many processes which help to mediate the relationship between a leader and the group and how the processes get affected by the relationship that is established between them (Wren, 2011). Organizational leaders are restricted by the internal framework of the organization and the social milieu (Wrege, 2008). The group leaders ability to implement goals does not only depend on the group leader but also on the environment, economic and social factors. However, it also depends on how the leader can bring the environmental, economic and social factors in his fold, overcome them and act even under these external pressures to thrive the organization. The research on leadership began with the search for traits to differentiate leaders from followers, which still remains an important area of study and now the study should also try to take into consideration the impact of these leaders on the followers and the organization. As noted by .The approach to the study of leadership has usually been and perhaps must always be through the study of traits. However there were several people who countered this trait approach claiming it to be simplistic and subjective in nature, not defin ing and thus, for some years, the approach was completely abandoned. However the study was taken up again after a severe meta-analysis that brought forth the impact that leadership and a leaders traits brings upon the entire team and organization as a whole (Wren Bedeian, 2009). In critical studies by Lord, De Vader, it was found that two personality characteristics predicted leadership emergence (dominance and masculinity femininity) and these characteristics can be used in a way to direct a complete group and organization towards a specific direction. Hence, the impact of a leader on an organization has been a topic of constant study for quite a while and it includes the very examination of a leader as a person, as a person in stressed periods of time, along with the methods used by the leader or routinely employed by him on a specific group of people or for the completion of a specific project (Zuffo, 2011). In leadership the specific two sets of techniques that are generally accepted, developed by Douglas McGregor, a social psychologist and Management Professor at MIT, referred to as the theory X and theory Y. The theory X defines a leadership technique which uses strict and punitive measures to encourage the team to work. Defined objectives are made by the leader, commanded to the employees who are given the specific timeline to complete the task (OECD 2004). On the other hand, the Theory Y leadership technique takes an active effort of making the work environment conducive for encouraging work, for rewarding relationship, active contribution for employees, innovation and creating the right conditions for the workers to add value to the organization (Crawford, 2009). Both these techniques or a mixture of these are suitable for specific work conditions and the exploration of such a technique and the proper condition to make use of it needs to be done for the benefit of the organization as a whole. Methodology: The following methodologies have been taken to fulfil the goals of this project and analyse and study the points with which this project deals with: Literature Review: An in-depth study of any form of literature has been done from the available sources which include Google Scholar, leadership websites, the Psychology in Work books, and magazine on organization and organizational research. Data Collection/ Questionnaire:Several methods to collect data have been used to gauge the impact that leadership has upon a specific team and organization, which has been measured from both the point of view of the leader and that of the group. Questionnaire: By the use of questionnaire, the subjective views of the impact of the leader on the group and the impact of the group on the leader shall be collected. The questionnaires will be based on a scale of 1 being highly demoralizing and 5 being highly motivational and they will be presented both to the leader and the group. Such a scale shall determine the impact of the leader on the group and their performance while it will also determine how the leader reacts to the group or how well the leader respects the group that they are handling. Company Records: A daily study of the company records shall be conducted with the permission of the company to check the variance of performance in the different fields so that a specific trend can be observed and noted from which a general conclusion could be drawn on the nature of impact of the leadership that the company faces. Such studies will also help in the measurement and analyses of the data for future references. Data Measurement and Analysis Method: One of the ways in which such a study could be conducted and examined is by using the common method variance. Method variance refers to the variance that is attributable to the measurement method than conduct of interest. The term method refers to the form of measurement at different levels of abstractions. Method variances take in estimates of certain items and use them to come to a certain conclusion. Since it is based on estimation, the figures and the conclusion to which it comes may come close to the original but not precise, however it is a good method to estimate a specific leadership impact that takes place on the organization and where the leader is directing the entire organization (Wren Bedeian, 2004). It is a calculative measure that is used to make sure that the impact of a leader is well-monitored and supervised and is used in specific fields and aspects of the leaders domain to keep a constant surveillance of the organization and its activities. The research will consider all the results that appears from the above methodologies to come to a specific conclusion. It shall measure the degree of impact that a leader has on the organizational performance and on the morale of the team, compare the expectations and deduce if there are any faults or deviations which should be taken into consideration and studied further. The literature review and the responses received through the survey shall be reviewed and analysed further to get a detailed overview on the entire aspect of the study. Organisation of the Study: The organisation of the study is as follows: Chapter 1: It will deal with the research Proposal. Chapter 2: It will have an in-depth discussion of the impact of leadership on an organizational level and the effect it has on the team and the objective based activity set for the team to take up. Chapter 3: It will include the details of the methodologies used: literature reviews, surveys and data collection, and data measurement. Chapter 4: It will contain the findings and analyses of the report. Chapter 5: It will summarize the important findings, look into the matter and try to discuss the in-depth implications and problems and solution to the matter. Gantt Chart: The following table shows the timeline for the whole project to be completed: Gantt Chart Data For Project Submission Start Date End Date Description Duration (days) 15-Feb 03-Mar Project Proposal 16 10-Mar 10-Apr Literature Review 31 15-Apr 15-May Data Collection 30 18-May 20-June Data Analysis 32 25-June 25-July Data Measurement 30 26-July 31-July Final Report Submission 5 Project Budget Justification: The budget of the specific project is about $7500 that would be necessary to complete the project at the stipulated time as signified in the Gantt chart. The budget has been specified for the following reasons: The Literature Review would require the use of books and study materials and access to places that are not free of cost. The estimate for this is around $2000. The Data collection will require collection of paper, printing, and travelling. It may also be necessary to hire persons to do the interviews. This will require an amount of about $3750. 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